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Chicken egg incubator characteristics:

1. Multi energy source: Electricity or coal;
2. Fully automatic in temperature and humidity control, automatically alarm when parameters going abnormal, automatic in eggs turning;

3. Dual-purpose, suitable for both incubation and hatching;

Chicken egg incubation technique

The embryonic development of chicken eggs mainly depends on ambient conditions: temperature, humidity, ventilation and eggs turning.

1. Temperature

Temperature is an important condition for chicken eggs incubation. Only when the proper temperature is maintained, can high hatchability and quality chicks will be acquired.

1.1 The temperature range for embryonic development.

Chicken eggs have adaptive capacity awards ambient temperature, and some eggs can still hatch under temperature range of 35～40.5℃(95～105F). But when an incubation machine is utilized, the temperature mentioned above is not the most favorable temperature. Instead, the most appropriate temperature for incubation is 37.8℃(100F), and the most appropriate temperature during hatching process is 37～37.5℃.

1.2 The influence of high or low temperature to chicken eggs embryonic development

1.2.1 The influence of high temperature to embryonic development

Under high temperature, the chicken embryo develops very fast ,which may lead to a shortening of incubation period, the increase of embryo death rate, or the quality decrease of the chicks. The death rate may vary depending on the degree of the temperature oversetting and the duration of this oversetting. When the temperature is over 42℃, the embryo dies within 2~2 hours. When chicken eggs incubated for 5 days are incubated under 47℃, all the embryos will dies within 2 hours. When chicken eggs incubated for 16 days are incubated under 40.6℃ for 24 hours, the hatchability will fall down to some degree, under 43.3℃ for 9 hours, hatchability declining to a great extent, under 48.9℃(120F) for one hour, 100% of the embryos in the incubator die.

1.2.2 The influence of low temperature to embryonic development

When the temperature is under appropriate temperature, the incubation time will be longer and the death rate will increase. When incubated under 35.6℃(96F), most of the embryos die in the egg shells. Little deviation from proper temperature will cause less influence to the embryonic development, due to adjustment from embryo itself.

2. Humidity control when incubating chicken eggs

Under artificial incubation process, the requirement for humidity is not so strict as that for temperature. The chicken embryos are more adaptive to humidity range, based on the fact that the water contained in chicken eggs are also enough for its embryonic development. However, it doesn't mean that humidity should not be paid attention. To get high hatchability, humidity must be properly controlled. Generally speaking, the relative humidity should be kept near 60% during the first seven days, and 50%~60% between the eighth and eighteenth day, 65%~70% after the eighteenth day. High humidity will obstruct the evaporation of the allantoic fluid, which will make the chick have a big stomach. At the some time, because the excessive water in the chick body, the chick appears stodgy and dull. On the contrast, low humidity will cause the excessive evaporation of the water in the egg, which will make the chick bony, thewless and little. Therefore, to control the humidity is dispensable. In humid areas where the humidity in the nature is comparatively high as 70%, it will be enough to put four water pans on the incubator bottom, covering 3/4 or 2/3 of the bottom area. In dry area, the evaporation surface should be increased. When necessary, water spray should be adopted.

3. Ventilation in chicken egg incubation

At the early stage of the incubation period, little oxygen is required for the embryo. Still, adequate oxygen should be kept in the incubator, with oxygen content more than 20%, and carbon dioxide less than 1%. Excessive carbon dioxide content will lead to deformed or week chicks, and low hatchability. Thermal insulation and ventilation are on the contrary for egg incubator, but should be at the same time well considered. The incubator must be equipped with good ventilation system, with large enough air vent, with good opening and closing mechanism to assure fine balance between thermal insulation and ventilation.

4. Eggs turning during chicken egg incubation

When hen hatches chicken eggs in a natural way, it frequently turns eggs with its feet and beak. This kind of intuitive work by hen is to warm every part of the embryo,

avoid adhesion of embryo with egg shell, so as to increase hatchability. Generally speaking, to turn eggs more often are good for incubation. When incubated in incubation machine, to turn 8~12 times are ideal within one day. The egg should be turned for 90 degrees.

Eggs cooling

Cooling eggs is only necessary when the temperature is too high and the embryo develops faster than normal pace.